1831 - 1833: Hunchback of Notre Dame to "The Queen of Spades"

Chronology of World, British and American Literature

Victor Hugo. French. 1831. Romance. The Hunchback of Notre Dame. Romance of medieval times. Esmeralda; Capt. Phoebus; Frollo; Quasimodo, the deformed bell ringer.

Thomas Love Peacock. British. 1831. Novel. Crotchet Castle. Satire on romantic themes. Humorously erudite discussions. Debate on the best period in history.

George Sand. British. 1832. Novel. Indiana. Heroine, a Creole named Indiana, abandons old husband for fascinating young lover.

Washington Irving. American. 1832. Stories. The Legends of the Alhambra. Tales and sketches on Spanish subjects. Admirer of Moorish civilization. Clash between the Spaniard and the Moors.

Aleksandr Pushkin. Russian. 1833. Story. “The Queen of Spades.” Calm, matter-of-fact telling of the mental breakdown of a gambler.