1952: El Christo de espaldas to The Old Man and the Sea.

Chronology of World, British and American Literature

Eduardo Caballero Calderon. Latin America. 1952. Novel. El Christo de espaldas. Young priest learns the identity of a murderer in confession. The Bishop and the town turn on him for not revealing.

John Steinbeck. American. 1952. Novel. East of Eden. Cain, Abel. Cal, Aron, sons of Adam and Cathy Trask. Cal drives Aron to death, telling him that his mother is a prostitute.

Ralph Ellison. American. 1952. Invisible Man. Nameless black man’s (Everyman’s) search for identity to give himself a name and form uniquely his.

Ernest Hemingway. American. 1952. Novel. The Old Man and the Sea. Old man loses great fish to sharks; allegory of man’s inevitable defeat. However, man can fight with dignity, courage, and stoicism.